Middle Ages Food and DietInteresting Facts and Information about Medieval Foods Middle Ages Food and Diet of the Upper Classes / Nobility The food and diet of the wealthy was extensive, but only small portions were taken. A change in culture emerged during the Middle Ages when the travel prompted by the Crusades led to a new and unprecedented interest in beautiful objects and elegant manners. This change extended to food preparation and presentation resulting in fabulous food arrangements and exotic colors and flavorings. Their food was highly spiced. These expensive spices consumed by the wealthy included Pepper, Cinnamon, Cloves, Nutmeg, Ginger, Saffron, Cardamon (aka Cardamom ), Coriander, Cumin, Garlic, Turmeric, Mace, Anise, Caraway and Mustard. The diet of the Upper Classes would have included: - Manchet bread
- A vast variety of meats and game including venison, beef, pork, goat, lamb, rabbit, hare, mutton, swans, herons and poultry
- Fish - fresh and salt water fish. The range of fish included herring, salmon, eel, whiting, plaice, cod, trout and pike
- Shell fish included crab, oysters, mussels and cockles
- Spices
- Cheese
- Fruits
- Limited number of vegetables
Middle Ages Food and Diet of the Lower Classes / Peasants The Middle Ages food and diet of the peasants was very much home grown. They were unable to afford luxury items such as spices and only Lords and Nobles were allowed to hunt deer, boar, hares and rabbits. The punishment for poaching could result in death or having hands cut off. The staple diet of the lower classes included: - Rye or barley bread bread
- Pottage ( a type of stew)
- Dairy products such as milk and cheese products
- Meat such as beef, pork or lamb
- Fish - if they had access to freshwater rivers or the sea
- Home grown vegetables and herbs
- Fruit from local trees or bushes
- Nuts
- Honey
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